Design and building professionals are aware of the practical advantages of ceramic tiles as a flooring choice – their robustness, their low-maintenance qualities, and their ease of installation. They also know all about the aesthetic pluses, with the extensive range of styles available, including high-definition replicas of rare stones, wood and concrete, innovative fusions and special effects.

However, there are a few other less discussed but essential factors to choosing the right floor tile. These qualities can affect the success of the project, so they’re good to be aware of and to discuss with the tile supplier on the project.

R-ratings for slip-resistance

Safety comes first, and slip-resistance is a big consideration. While some tiles have a granular feel to give it a stone-like texture, this should not be mistaken for slip-resistant finish. The tile’s R-rating is an accurate, objective measure you should rely on instead.

Ceramic Industries tests each of their tiles in their laboratory using a standard internationally accepted method. Based on the results, they rate their tile according to the friction it offers – from R9 (domestic internal use in areas rarely exposed to water) to R13 (around swimming pools; on slopes and commercial areas; internal and external) and everything in between. It’s best to consult with the manufacturer or agent to decide on the best tile for the application.

It should be noted that some conditions make any floor unsafe – high heels and oily spills are just two examples.

PEI rating for hardness

The hardness of a floor tile is another crucial consideration. Ceramic Industries applies the Porcelain Enamel Institute’s standardised, globally recognised test to determine the hardness of its glazed tiles. Specialised machinery abrades the tile until the glaze is penetrated – to receive the highest rating of 5, a tile needs to withstand over 10 000 revolutions of a carbide wheel.

The PEI rating is a great tool to determine the recommended application for a tile. A rating of 0 indicates it’s not meant to be walked on – walls only, please. A rating of 1 would be interior use with very light traffic – think residential bathrooms. Working up through the scale, 2 would be for interior light traffic; 3 for light-moderate traffic, mostly indoors; 4 for moderate-heavy for indoor/outdoor use; and 5 for heavy traffic.

The modulus of rupture (MoR) or the breaking strength of a tile is also important to consider when tiling, to ensure that the finished floor performs in accordance with expectation. Tiles are tested according to their breaking strength, and once a tile has been installed in accordance with specification, and has been fully bedded with the correct adhesive, it should be durable enough to last several years under normal conditions.

Finally, the hardness of the glaze (MoH) or modulus of hardness should be considered when selecting a product for your application. A product with a high MoH rating will prevent erratic scratching from hard materials such as diamonds, corundum and drills bits, whereas a product with a low MoH rating can easily be scratched with a fingernail or copper coin.

These are essential decision-making tools. By being aware of the basics, design professionals can choose flooring options for maximum safety and longevity, while still taking advantage of all the well-known benefits of ceramic.